Personal Essay For Scholarship

Personal Essay For ScholarshipPersonal essays for scholarship are just as important as any other scholarship papers, especially if you are applying for one that is very competitive. This is a good time to expand your range of writing ideas because you can find a variety of materials to choose from in terms of subjects, topics, and styles. Personal essays for scholarship are usually quite lengthy, and many times you will be required to do a lot of reading and research before submitting the paper. If you want to learn how to make your essays effective and catchy, here are some tips.The first thing you need to do is to start small: Do research about yourself to get an idea of who you are. Decide what kind of writing you want to be known for. You can also begin your research with your hobbies and interests and go from there.This is very important because it is going to determine what kind of material you will include in your personal essay for scholarship. In other words, you will need t o make sure that your personal essay for scholarship is going to speak to the money you are getting.Don't forget to include information about yourself and your passions and interests in your personal essay for scholarship. It may not be the most exciting topic to write about, but in the end it is very important. It is very important to make your information relevant to the program that you are applying for. One example would be a sports writer who loves to watch sports.Your body of work is very important. If you have done well in writing about a particular subject and made a good impression in the essay, you will definitely get called in for interviews. One way to make your topic relevant is to include other sources that you know of and that you have read as well. You can always do a background check on yourself and look at your work to see if you will be the type of person that is likely to excel in the program.At the end of the day, personal essays for scholarship are not going to be about the subject itself, but rather about the relevance of the topic in the overall program. So if you want to impress your reader with your knowledge, you need to create a unique topic for your personal essay for scholarship.It may be challenging to write personal essays for scholarship, but it does not mean that it is not worth doing. Personal essays for scholarship are very helpful in getting that perfect scholarship.

Music!!! free essay sample

Have you ever noticed how on busses and metros there are many people listening to music? This is because many people like music and also because their bored. In this article I will try to persuade you to listen to more music or listen to different types of music. Music is important in many people’s lives. A person listening to music on the bus. Music was created about 4,000 years ago in the prehistoric times. The music created in the prehistoric times was either folk, indigenous, or traditional music. Now there are way more types of music. Now there is rock, hip-hop, pop, techno, country, and much more. That is one reason why I want you to listen to music more music. The first type of music player. If you don’t believe then read this interview with Robert Fakeman about him and music. E:†Robert what do you think about music?† R:†Well Edwin, I think that music is a lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Music!!! or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And also an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color.† E:†What do you think about people listening to music more?† R:†I think more people should listen to it more.† E:†Do you think music is under appreciated?† R:†No, of course not. I just think not enough people listen to it.† E:†Thank you for your time Robert.† R:†Thank you for having me Edwin.† That was my discussion with Robert Fakeman about music. That discussion made me learn more. It made me learn that someone thinks that someone thinks that not enough people listen to music. That is also another reason why I think more people should listen to music more. Music can be very meaningful to people. If there was any mood you were feeling there is bound to be a song relating to that mood. That is also another reason to listen to music more. That is a reason why I listen to music a lot. Whenever I am happy I would listen any type of music except for depressing songs. Whenever I am down I try to listen to songs that a re up and jumpy. â€Å"Music can be interactive to people. The person can actually feel as if they were actually there with the artist is singing it.† Says Christian Ventura (my little brother) Music can be very powerful to people. That is why I think you, the reader, should listen to more types of music or if not, just listen to more of the same music you already listen to.

The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essays

The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essays The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essay The Life Of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Religion Essay The boy of a Reformed chaplain, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher received his instruction at establishments of the pietistic Moravian Brethren in the towns of Niesky and Barby. In 1787, his male parent granted him permission to go on his surveies at the University of Halle, where he devoted himself non merely to theology, but besides to Greek doctrine and to his coevalss, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi and Immanuel Kant. After his graduation in 1790, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher served as a coach to a baronial household in East Prussia for three old ages, where he besides served as a sermonizer. During this clip he worked on three essays in moralss, all of which remained unpublished: ber hyraxs hchste Gut ( On the highest good, 1789 ) , with this summum bonum being the overall intent of adult male and the existence ; ber den Wert des Lebens ( On What Gives Value to Life, 1792/3 ) , a defence of ethical diverseness ; and ber die Freiheit ( On Freedom, 1790-3 ) , a contemplation on the relation between freedom and morality. In 1794, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher completed his 2nd scrutinies. After a stay in Landsberg he became a curate at the i?Chariti? , i? a infirmary in Berlin. There he met several members of the Romantic motion, among them the Schlegel brothers. Lending several essays to their diary Athenaeum, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher besides shared a level with Caspar David Friedrich. During this clip, he expounded upon Plato, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Baruch Spinoza. On the latter he wrote two outstanding essays, Spinozismus and Kurze Darstellung des Spinozistischen Systems ( Brief Presentation of the Spinozistic System ) . Possibly his most influential book on the doctrine of faith was Reden i?ber dice Religion ( On Religion: Addresss to its Cultured Despisers, 1799 ) , which gained him noteworthy prominence. Concentrating on the perennial nature of faith, he attempts to contrast the common impression of a decay of faith: i? I do non chime in with the call for aid of most of them refering the death of faith, for I would non cognize what other age may hold accommodated it better than the present.i? By this he besides sought to accommodate the Romantics with faith, emphasizing that the latter is a i?feeling of the universei? and i?a sense and gustatory sensation for the Infinite.i? Belief, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher provinces, i?must be something different from a mixture of sentiments about God and the universe, and of principles for one life or for two. Piety can non be an replete craving for a muss of metaphysical and ethical crumbs.i? He strongly advocates for a separation between Church an d State and, though at the same clip deploying a stiff hierarchy of the different faiths, for spiritual tolerance. The book consists of five addresss. The first, Apology, represents another effort to support faith against the onslaughts of the advocates of the Enlightenment. On the Essence of Religion, on the other manus, claims that faith can non be the object of cognition. In the 3rd address, On Self-formation for Religion, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher affirms that faith is a portion of the material universe. On the Social Element in Religion ; or on Church and Priesthood he proposes a new, societal construct of the Church. And, in conclusion, in On the Religions, he stresses the human necessity of a higher go-between who communicates the messages of God. In the same twelvemonth, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher besides published several other plants: Briefe bei Gelegenheit der politisch- theologischen Aufgabe und diethylstilbestrols Sendschreibens ji?discher Hausvi?ter ( Letters on the Juncture of the Political-Theological Task and the Open Letter of Jewish Householders ) , in which he demanded civic rights for Jews. In an essay entitled, Versuch einer Theorie des geselligen Betragens ( Toward a Theory of Sociable Conduct ) , he focuses i?simplyi? on conversation. In 1798/99 he produces a really rough reappraisal of Immanuel Kanti?s Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, which he dismisses as mere i?Kantologiei? and therefore irrelevant. In Monologen: eine Neujahrsgabe ( Soliloquies, 1800 ) , Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher focuses once more on moralss sing human individualism as a symbol of the space. Another related work is Grundlinien einer Kritik der bisherigen Sittenlehre ( Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethical Theory Morality to day of the month, 1803 ) . Once more a review of Immanuel Kant ( but besides of Johann Gottlieb Fichte ) , Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher criticizes all old ethical theories and systems and, following Baruch Spinoza, affirms that a moral system can be obtained merely through an across-the-board rule: i?For when it is the good that is under consideration, and the ethical object is prevailing, truth must be considered more in mention to art than scientific discipline, if, that is, integrity is to be preserved in the work generallyi? , he writes in the i?Introductions to the Dialogues of Plato.i? In 1802, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher served as curate in Stolp ( Pomerania ) , but merely for one twelvemonth. He went back to Halle, where he, following to his responsibilities as sermonizer, was appointed professor of theology.There he finished his most popular work, Die Weihnachtsfeier: Ein Gespri?ch ( Christmas Eve: A Dialogue on the Celebration of Christmas, 1806 ) , in which he elaborates on the significance of this banquet. After Napoleoni?s invasion in 1807, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher returned to Berlin and was finally awarded the theological chair at the new Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, a station that he held until his decease. Having become a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1811, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher spent the following old ages talking and prophesying. At that clip he was besides a strong advocator of a brotherhood between the two Protestant Churches. Besides in the same twelvemonth, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher published his Kurze Darstellung des theologischen Studiums ( Brief Outline of the Study of Theology ) , where he distinguishes between three theological subjects, viz. philosophical divinity, historical divinity, and practical divinity. Between 1821 and 1822, he finished his of import work Der christliche Glaube, nach den Grundsi?tzen der evangelischen Kirche im Zusammenhange dargestellt ( The Christian Faith ) , a instead Orthodox reading of Christian rules, with which he attempts to happen a new construct of faith and, therewith, reform Protestantism towards diverseness. Defining dogmatic divinity as i?the scientific discipline which systematizes the philosophy prevalent in a Christian Church at a given clip, i? Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher conceives i?the kernel of religioni? chiefly as i?the feeling of an absolute dependencei? on God. Religion, seen as such, is therefore first and foremost an intuition, non a morality. Schleiermacheri?s most profound part to doctrine, as is frequently stated, was his talks on hermeneutics. The undertaking of hermeneutics, he argues, is to demo the purpose of the writer and therefore uncover the i?true meaningi? of a text. Harmonizing to Schleiermacher, there needs to be two signifiers of reading: a lingual reading and a psychological reading. Whereas the former trades with common characteristics of linguistic communication, the latter remainders upon the individualism of the writer. In add-on, he distinguishes between two methods for reading, a comparative one, tied to the lingual signifier, and a divinatory, related to the psychological signifier of reading. In the class of his chair in Berlin, he often lectured on dialectics, but failed in the effort to develop a distinguished theoretical attack to it. However, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher rejected Manichaean rules, such as the division between an rational kingdom and an organic 1. For him, everything is a consequence of both kingdoms, and this applies to the long-standing dichotomy between the organic structure and psyche every bit good. Frequently named the laminitis of modern Protestant divinity, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher attempted to intercede between the Enlightenment ( and, earlier Romanticism ) and Protestantism. Despite crisp unfavorable judgment from neo-orthodox theologists, his work had a great impact on theological discourse up until the early 20th century. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher died of pneumonia in 1834 ; his Si?mmtliche Werke ( Collected Works ) were published posthumously, between 1835 and 1856, in three parts: Zur Theologie ( Theology, 11 Volumes ) , Predigten ( Sermons, 10 Volumes ) , and Zur Philosophie ( Philosophy, 9 Volumes ) .

Rhetorical situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical situation - Essay Example It is vital to note that the article rests on environmental knowledge and concerns. This is vital in the fact that many entities may rise to defend the same. It also expresses a wide network of interrelated environmental concepts. The audience is thus able to deduce that the river is more of an environmental concern than a developmental concern. The author utilized this context to express a dire a situation of the river. In addition, it highlights the concept that governments and citizens tend to ignore. In presenting the essays’ theme, the author highly utilizes the rhetorical strategies of ethos and logos. Logos is vital in describing the situation and its interrelated concepts. Ethos is highly utilized as a follow up strategy of logos. Ethos seeks to trigger the audience in defending their rivers. In this sense, the article is highly effective in persuading its audience. This regards the chronology of presentation and the inductive analysis that the author projects into the same. It is thus vital to provide rhetorical analysis of this paper. In terms of the rhetorical situation, it is critical to consider the context, purpose and audience. The paper exists in the context of environmental concern and ecology. This follows a pattern of showing the interaction of environmental concepts that comprise to form a particular ecology. This paper has a concern of manmade activities that contribute to destruction of the beauty and ecological benefits of the rivers Colorado and Rio Grande. In demonstration of the same, the author mentions a famed naturalist that termed Colorado as rich of fauna and flora. In this context, the author asserts that the river had rivulets that entered the Gulf of California at majestic volumes. This article is intended for ordinary citizens and entities that may rise to defend their ecology. In this sense, the author emphasizes that politicians and their affiliates may not contribute to restoration of the same. This means

Communication tools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication tools - Research Paper Example Concrete communication skills refer to the effectiveness and the ability to generate the desired results in the listener. Concreteness of communication also depends on the listeners and the individual team members, i-e, the way they view and perceive things and commands, and the ways of communications which get the best results. Some people utilize all five senses they are blessed with. These people are called ‘sensory individuals’ and they need concrete frame of reference in communications. They use present tense in their thought cycle as well as in their communications. This way they are better equipped to transform their thoughts and commands into reality. Concrete communications skills/tools are not something that are acquired once and then forgotten. These skills need constant improvement, learning and practice. Project managers need to look at their own communication ways and need to tone them. They need to keep only the concrete communication skills/tools in their skill bags which effectively give results. This definitely means that they need to discard the less effective skills otherwise known as the ineffective communication skills. And the first step into honing and toning concrete communication skills is listening. The PM needs to be a good listener to be an effective communicator. The PM also needs to start sending the ‘I’ message in communicating. The project manager needs to be effective in communication as well as aware of the tone and texture of communication of the team members and individuals. The following actions can be very helpful in spotting the tone and texture of communication; Following is a brief understanding of these actions. Being present during a discussion refers to being proactive or even reactive instead of only listening to the ideas and plans passively. Giving opinions and criticizing from a logical viewpoint

Prepare A Personal Development Plan Nursing Essay

Prepare A Personal Development Plan Nursing Essay This paper seeks to prepare a personal development plan in my objective to become a leader in an organization. I will analyze the requirements of the targeted job in relation to my inventory of skills including my strengths and weaknesses in relation to the requirement of a goal in mind for which I am willing to know my deficiencies in terms of skills. I will therefore have to make an action plan on how to correct my deficiencies and to improve on my weaknesses to take advantage of my strengths in attaining a target job that I want to have and quality of a person that I want to happen as a result. 2. The Goal, Requirements, Deficiencies and the Strategies 2.1 My goal and its requirements The goal of this plan is to be able to attain the position of Pricing analyst which requires the following: having strong analytical skills and ingenuity to provide logical solutions to nonstandard issues, having a strong mathematical aptitude as well as well developed communication skills (written and verbal), being computer literate (including working knowledge of Excel and Word) and possessing the values of resourcefulness, organizational skills and ability to coordinate activities across company function. It further requires having demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines, having the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks and having an exceptional attention to detail and problem solving skills. 2.2 Determined deficiencies and the causes of their perceived causes of having them Using as basis the job requirements and compare the same with my present inventory of skills, I found out that the targeted job requires the need for demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines as well as at the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks. I believe this requires utmost patience on the part of person to be hired for the job. A patient person will not be easily being cowed into giving up for pressure as the person would normally consider pressure as part of the job. A patient person will also find the need to adapt to changing priorities and handling multiple tasks to be part of the challenge. I definitely need to be more patient partly because of my attitude of perfectionism which is rather out of proportions sometimes. Further comparison of my inventory of skills with the requirement of the job revealed that my verbal communication skills are weak as may be proved from past experiences when I have delegated tasks to people that resulted to some misunderstandings. I have diagnosed the in many instances times about the reasons for these misunderstandings and I found them in failure to make my instructions in a way that may be fully and intelligently understood. In wrongly believing that my own understanding results to my teammates understanding, I really have made a short cut of effective communication which is creating inefficiency to my job. I find deficiency also in my organizational skills as evidenced by my having overlooked a lot of times important details in my job because of deficient communication skills, failure to delegate and ineffectiveness if making motivations to my people. 2.3 Strategies to address deficiencies with corresponding time table The way I am going to tackle these leadership deficiencies is to set up a plan where I can draw on personal and others feedback. I have talked to my manager, supervisor, and other coworkers and they have agreed to provide feedback to me on these three subjects. I am going to keep a journal, as well, so that I can track my own thoughts and feelings about how I am handling and improving in these tasks. Also, I plan to do some research on all there subjects so that I may obtain further information on these subjects. The following are the things that I plan to do within my time table. Improving Patience On the basis of the above, I found out that I really lacked patience; I have decided to increase my patience in more systematic manner. My high anxiety level, which causes me to get short with people, could really be bad if I will not improve my patience. I am planning to monitor my progress and evaluate myself weekly on my patience levels. In a year I want to get to a point where I can handle any situation, no matter what that entails. I want to get to the point where I dont let my anxiety interfere with my job duties and interactions with other. Having stated earlier that lack of patience may be caused by my attitude of perfectionism, I feel addressing the latter is crucial to my development as a person for the desired job. Perfectionism makes me feel that I should always be imposing to people the highest requirement for many work activities without may be considering their capacities. My strategies for improvement of correction of said perceived caused of lack of patience are to analyze the importance of having something perfect in relation to realistic goals of every activity. Since every activity may have its deadline, I would devised an improve schedule so that I will not push myself unnecessarily on things. But since I may never know if I am progressing on this activity, I would measure my progress and my criteria for measuring the same would be to have less frustration with progress while ensuring that work is still successfully accomplish. The time table for this is one month intervals Improving communication One of the requirements of the targeted job is having a strong mathematical aptitude as well as well developed communication skills (written and verbal). Finding my skills to be lacking in this respect, I have decided to effectively improve my verbal communications skills continually by relying on feedback from manager and supervisors in my present job as well as peers and family and friends. In my own analysis what is causing my poor communication is the spontaneous and impulsive comments to teammates as I perceived bad comments in return making such irresponsive comments which offend their feelings, hence I would really need to reflect on how my comments would affect others. This is in addition to developing of course and an effective communication plan verbally and in writing. To know whether I would be progressing I would be recording my observance of the absence of negative peer reactions as well as my observation of positive oral feedback from family and friends. I am also giving month intervals ask for feedback from peers and family/friends Improving organization skills Organization will be one of my other big hang-ups and I think this should be evaluated daily by keeping a journal of my tasks as well as a calendar to avoid mistakenly overlooking anything. I believe this will take time to improve, and with the help of my observations, research, and others feedback, I could o be proficient in the skills within the next three years. For the meantime I have short goals as explained below. One way to improve this is to through having the skill to improve delegation. My rather poor delegation is basically rooted in the fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. I believe this could be corrected by building on trust with my team mates by being first becoming a trust worthy person. Delegation entails trusting people to do it with confidence to their abilities under given circumstances. In the case of team mates, I would have to realize the extent also of my influence so that I would not be ending up delegating everything. In addition I should be developing a system of evaluations of teammates since it is only in giving them the proper feedback that they would have the chance to improve themselves. The time table for this of course, requires that at checkpoints of project, I will have to assess feelings of comfort of myself and my teammates and address any problems immediately as may be necessary. Another way of correcting this perceived weakness is to utilize an equal work policy. Under this arrangement, some my teammates would not necessarily be burdened with having more than expected and this will have a chance of reducing really the fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. Still another way of accomplishing this strategy is for me to build in checkpoints for making sure that projects are on time. This simply means that making a reliable schedule to monitor and follow through that projects are on in fact accomplished on time. As a way of measuring my progress in this strategy, I would have to be chance to measure my progress, with myself personally performing less work that would result to utilizing more time to proper and maximum functioning of my teammates. This development should also be seen in my new developed ability to trust teammates that would lead more to better relationships with them by having a confidence in the result of their work. Another way to improve organizational skills is to improve my forcefulness in motivating people. As a consequence of poor communication skills, my capacity to motivate or move people is just as limited to a great extent. My strategies for this target is includes attend additional classes on leadership (Erez, M. et. al, 2001), reading pertinent books on motivation (Maddock and Fulton, 1998) and utilizing an effective communication. Motivation on organization is a big deal since organization basically involves people who need to have the internal drive to what they need to do. Given the fact that organization may not provide every thing what workers may need, I can top a great potential from them by knowing each of my team mates and really find out what drives to excel of perform better in their job. I would only be able to verify the attainment of these targets if there are positive responses of others to my improved motivational skills. If small goals get accomplished I would be pretty sure that I making a great motivation job on my teammates more often Another way of measuring the accomplishment of this strategy is the reality of having an accomplished goals and positive team responses. The time table to evaluate others responses and behaviors would be to undertake each monthly. 3. Conclusion Based on the above plans I believe I would be able to attain the target of becoming a price analyst. The requirements of the targeted position are very clear and I was honest enough to use the requirements to gauge whether I could actually satisfy the same. Driven therefore by the realization that I needed some skills, I should have the courage to correct my deficiency by tracing what are the behaviors that are causing me not to have the much desired requirements of the targeted position in terms of skills. I have categorized the some major requirements of the job as requiring the value of patience from the need for demonstrated ability to work well under pressure to meet critical deadlines as well as at the ability to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks. So important is the value of patience in the job and which I have carefully analyzed could be acquired by training me to consider work pressures as normal consider s part of the job that would also help me to adapt to changing priorities and handle multiple tasks to be part of the challenge. Improving communication between me and the people in the organization was could be by addressing the behavioral cause, that is the spontaneous and impulsive comments to teammates that I commit sometimes based from perceived bad comments. I would just have to stop offending their feelings by my having an honest reflection on how my comments would affect others. This is in addition to developing of course and an effective communication plan (Thorson and Moore, 1996) verbally and in writing which may involved the applicable of basic principles of effective communication that would be read in theory and experience if the actual workplace. Getting the right feedback from peers and friends would accomplish much for this. Improving my communication skill is also closely related with improving organization skills which I will have to develop over time through my observations, research, and others feedback. Having targeted to be proficient in the skills within the next three years, I believe would be realistic enough considering my targeted developed skills for communication. To improve organization skill requires me to improve delegation which I found to having been restricted by my fear of poor teammate contributions resulting in team failure. Being correctible by building on trust with my teammates by being first becoming a trust worthy person, I believe that my decision to delegation put me in the very right path to fully attain an integrated organizational skill (Heller et. al., 1998). I am however cautioned by knowing some limits in my planned delegation by doing still what I need to do best under the circumstances in avoiding to delegating everything. By my honest development of a system of evaluations of teammates, that would give them the proper feedback, I am hoping for the best about the accomplishment of this plan. Appendix: Chart of Personal Development Plan Skill to Improve Causes of Behaviors Strategies Measurement Time table for Assessing Progress Patience Perfectionism Analyzing the bad effects of too much perfectionism Making a working schedule Effective delegation to team mates -reduced frustration -successful accomplishment of work without much stress Will be monitored monthly Delegation Fear of poor teammate performance Make a system of evaluation of teammates Make an à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“equal work policy. Making sure that deadlines are followed Less work to be performed more time for the main requirement of the job Assess feeling of teammates if delegation is received with respect Effective Communication Irresponsible and impulsive comments Reflect on the effect of comments and reduce the same if necessary Design and effective communication plan Absence of negative peer reactions Positive feedback from friends, managers and supervisors Must be confirmed monthly Motivation Poor oral and written communication skills Read good books on communication skills. Attend seminars related to Office communications Willingness of others to have more responsibilities Attained output targets Evaluation should be done monthly or as often as possible

Case Management Essay

Workflow, Business Process Management and the management of Unstructured Documents Plethora of unstructured documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, images, XML components, videos, podcasts, email messages that exists around in a large enterprise and it represents the enterprise’s information assets. The problem is that in today’s competitive environment there is an ever increasing generation and use of unstructured electronic documents. It has become highly imperative that there has to be an enterprise wide lifecycle management of these documents which can enable the workers to access the documents in a relative business context. Many product companies and experts dealing in the area of content management and business process management have proposed that a semantic relation is to be derived between documents and business domain. Thus, the semantic network that eventually gets formed will result in efficient search and filtering of these unstructured documents. Types of data: Structured and unstructured data People use and create unstructured data on daily basis. Although they may not be aware, people create, store, retrieve unstructured data in the form of emails, word documents, excel spreadsheets and other forms. The unstructured content has no data type as such so it requires human intervention to tag the data with some relevant keywords and meta tags so that it can be read by machines and applications. Structured data is also being used by people and such data is easily managed by technology being allowed for querying and reporting as the data type is predetermined and relationships are explicit. There are two categories of unstructured data: 1) Bitmap Objects: Images, videos, audio and other non-language based files 2) Textual Objects: Word documents, Spreadsheets, Emails and other written or printed language documents Most of these object types can’t be tapped easily to extract relevant information by technology or methodology as technology today can only address textual objects. With the advent of technologies like Enterprise Content Management (ECM), it has become possible to address unstructured data. Data mining and other analysis tools exist to query and analyze structured data. However, the challenge remains in bringing both the worlds of structured and unstructured data together. Once when they are brought together is when the most value can be derived and gained but this is where the highest level of challenge exists. Few challenges are listed below: 1) Irrespective of having the data in a word document format it may not be consumable from a semantic level perspective 2) A compatible technology may not be able to give insight in to the context of the information unless it is read 3) The way we interpret is largely subjective Organizational Challenges Today the organizations are inherently complex in structure and the departments are loosely connected while they work in isolation. They only come together when there is a need which leads to an internally disconnected approach. These large organizations need to be responsive to the customer and market needs. In order to be responsive they need to be agile and flexible when it comes to leveraging their matrix management structure as a whole. This can pose some long term as well as short term challenges. The path to overcome these challenges is to have follow business process which entail the entire organizations. In most organizations, wherever the business processes exist they tend to be isolated to a specific department and are usually manual. This leads to manifestation of various management and operational challenges. Some of the consequences that come up due to these challenges are listed below: 1) Due to inaccurate and untimely information generated as a result of isolated units of an organization, it becomes difficult for management and employees to take correct decisions 2) As information may not be aligned to business context or a business process it may lead to inconsistent decisions 3) Broken or incomplete workflows lead to generation of inconsistent and poor information 4) IT systems may act as inhibitors even if they support business processes when they lack system integration that would hide a single view of the information 5) Strict business rules, policies and procedures can lead to delay in fetching important information Organization and business process alignment These hurdles and challenges which the organization faces are due to factors such as inflexible procedures, legacy infrastructure, orthodox management which include: 1) Manual approach even when business processes and frameworks exist 2) IT enablers found in departments and functional silos making information sharing and gathering labour intensive and tedious 3) IT and other infrastructure is maintained centrally which may not provide quick solutions and service to meet the requirement of internal users 4) As organization is dependent on vendors or contractors for maintenance, support and development of IT and other infrastructure it raises issues of managing changes by themselves. Organizations need to orient themselves around process rather than functionally. They have the necessary infrastructure and technology in place but the challenge is to align all of it together using business processes. Aligning the organization to business processes and automating the same will help in solving decision making bottlenecks and will integrate functions, departments, core systems to deliver measurable business value. As of now most of the organizations, have IT infrastructure which comprise of applications that address each department separately. These departments may have business processes that cater to the purpose of the department specific function but this may lead to creation of unstructured and structured data in isolation from other departments defeating the purpose of one goal of the organization. Due to lack of integration between department’s applications and business processes it leads to creation of islands of redundant information for each department. Knowing that there is duplicate information across various applications residing in various departments there will be multiple points of integration which makes it even more complicated. There is a requirement of point to point integration to resolve this. This increases business risk, delivery costs and it becomes even more important to retain existing talent who can handle the data and information well. IT challenge On drilling down, the problem of not being able to use unstructured data along with structured data semantically whilst the data is specific to each department’s function and not business process of the organization is a challenge for the IT support department of organizations. Integration of silo applications and automated business processes across departments with respect to the overall business context pose many intricacies which makes it is a very challenging and a costly exercise for the IT function. Few of the reasons are listed below: 1) Laborious task to integrate a variety of business processes and applications 2) Changes in particular to each function may become difficult to replicate across the organization each time 3) Data across functions can’t be normalized due to existence of data in multiple format 4) Data inconsistencies due to unavailability of an information master leads to dependency on data stored on spreadsheets These kind of challenges have typically no end so a comprehensive solution has to be worked out which is robust and serves the goal of the organization by delivering value flawlessly. Workflow Model, Business Process Management (BPM) and Enterprise Content Management (ECM) It is Workflow Automation and a Business Process Management System that will solve the business and technical problems that have been described in this paper so far. A workflow model is automation or a semi-automation of business processes. On the other hand Business Process Management is a method for managing the workflow model while continuously evaluating its performance and closing the feedback loop. Business processes form the nervous system of an organization or an enterprise. Business Process Management (BPM) is a discipline that empowers an organization to analyze, automate, re-design, streamline, monitor and improve business process while providing end to end visibility and control from technology to people. An organization has numerous business processes which take place every now and then. They may be simple or complex and may rely on unstructured data. For e. g. Banks have a business process to process the fresh loans application, local retailer has a business process to order new inventory and more. Business processes are the means which enable people, system and information to work simultaneously in order to meet organizations’ goals. However, it is not as easy as it sounds. Consider an example where in an insurance company the claim officials need digital photos to process a claim, customer representative need customer records and statements, accounts personnel need invoice approvals to disburse the required amount. To address such multi dimensional situation companies are resorting to capabilities of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) which is Business Process Management (BPM) to integrate, optimize, and automate processes and information. This solution enables organizations to make timely and accurate decisions. Together BPM and ECM businesses are able to deal with explosion of business related content which in turn helps them in becoming nimble and agile. Primarily, there are three changes that drive the need for businesses to become nimble and agile. They are: 1) Creation of islands of business relevant content internal and external to the organization 2) High maintenance cost of information created and stored by disparate sources 3) Incremental strain on IT to meet core business requirements while driving process innovation In response to these needs ECM and BPM enable organizations with the following: 1) Empower all employees to develop process centric solution 2) Quickly synchronize information from disparate internal as well external data sources 3) Couple processes and content to meet business requirements Businesses today need to use the content that is available across the business processes rather than letting it remain restricted under applications specific to a department or a function. Holistically, the content needs to be put to use for a greater benefit and a better ROI. Management of Unstructured Documents ECM has become one of the major software category post consolidation of various solutions like Document Management, Document Imaging, Web Content Management, Digital Asset Management while collaborating with BPM. It shouldn’t be treated as only a software category but can be primarily looked at as a strategy to manage all unstructured information – images, web content, media assets and records. Secondly, its job is to ensure that the content is put to use by the business users as per the business processes. The ECM solutions available today are built to support today’s dynamic requirements of the organization. They are scalable and high on performance when it comes to handling islands of new content and information with respect to complex business processes. Their design is such that they can integrate any kind of unstructured information with business processes and provide features such as process modelling, analytic capabilities, simulation and activity monitoring. They are also capable to handle process exceptions and can respond to demands for content from associates or customers. It is deduced that ECM as a technology and as a strategy enable information management professionals to manage the unstructured information in the organization to reduce risk, improve productivity in order to bring customer delight. Market Overview Organizations are increasingly adopting ECM to manage the increasing volume and growing diversity of unstructured content which now represents around 80% of the information residing in the enterprise. The opportunity identified is to devote similar rigor to unstructured data as being given to structured data. The market for ECM registered a double digit growth between the year 2004 to 2007 but it slowed down to single digit in 2008 primarily due to recessionary conditions. As per data gathered by Gartner, around $3. 3bn was collected as license and maintenance revenue for ECM. The ECM market has forecasted compounded annual growth rate of 9. 5% through till 2013. It is expected that the revenue generated from ECM markets worldwide would exceed $5. 1bn by 2013. The ECM market has seen major consolidation between the periods of 2003 to 2007. Large players such as IBM, Oracle, EMC have been acquiring companies to capitalize in this space. For example, EMC went on spree acquiring Legato, Document, Captiva and Document Sciences. Autonomy acquired Interwoven and Open Text purchased Vignette to become the largest independent vendors in this space competing directly with Microsoft’s Sharepoint. Market Drivers In spite of the recession which forced businesses to refrain from technology spending, the ECM market remained insulated from it for the following reasons: 1) Increase in volume and complexity of content is the reason for concern and investments in ECM henceforth 2) Pricing pressure from open-source vendors stimulating higher demand 3) It targets the overall ROI of the organization As there is a need to manage risks that come along with tonnes of paper and vast variety of digital content, a focus has been brought on governance and content rationalization. Vendors are addressing this by providing different stakeholders or customers with products that serve their purpose while keeping in mind the overall business processes of the organization. Recognizing this focus area many enterprises have become conscious about the lifecycle, access management, availability and cost of the content. There has been a slowdown in the ECM market due to the recessionary climate as it made the decision makers cautious about investments. In a research conducted by Gartner it was noticed that during this period companies have started looking for a thorough business case and ROI justifications for any kind of technology expenditure. However this could also turn out to be positive for the ECM market as these are the times when the organizations will realize the benefits of ECM solutions and frameworks. Conclusion Business Process Management and Workflow are not about moving documents across departments. It is about aligning businesses to their core processes and they provide the catalyst to exploit knowledge base to provide improved customer service. Thus, help in delivering measurable bottom line benefits in variety of business cases. List of References Toby Bell, Karen M. Shegda, Mark R. Gilbert, Kenneth Chin, Mick MacComascaigh. 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